Cool, it looks like that worked. The box that just says "prompting" should say "prompting event 2." Many times, the first emotion is the prompting event for another emotion. Also, the box that says "Brain Change" lists how emotions are experiences or sensed. Another way that is left out is "action urges." The box that starts with "Face and Body Language" is how we show or express emotions, and should also include actions. I like to point out that these two boxes interact with each other. You might express what you sense or expereince, but what you express also changes what you experience. For example, if you smile a lot, you will probably feel happier, or if you go around frowning, or acting mad, etc., you will feel sad or mad.

Today, we worked though this model for an example of Shame. This isn't on the DBTSelf Help website, but comes from the Skills Training Manual. There is a very long handout in the manual that goes through these details for several basic emotions.

Shame has several words, which have different characteristics, but are generally associated with this emotion. Shame words include:

shame, contrition, culpability, discomposure, embarassment, guilt, humiliation, insult, invalidation, mortification, regret, remorse

Some common Prompting Events for shame include:

• Doing (feeling or thinking) something you (or people you admire) believe is wrong or immoral.
• Being reminded of something wrong, immoral, or "shameful" you did in the past.
• Exposure of a very private aspect of your life.
• Having others find out that you have done something wrong.
• Being laughed at, made fun of.
• Being criticized in public, in front of someone else; remembering a public criticism.
• Others attacking your integrity.
• Being betrayed by a person you love.
• Being rejected by people you care about.
• Failing at something you feel you are (or should be) competent to do.
• Being rejected or criticized for something you expected praise for.
• Having emotions that have been invalidated.

Interpretations that Prompt Feelings of Shame could include:

• Believing your body (or body part) is too big, too small, or not the right size.
• Thinking that you are bad, immoral, or wrong.
• Thinking that you have not lived up to your expectations of yourself.
• Thinking that you have not lived up to others' expectations of you.
• Thinking that your behavior, thoughts, or feelings are silly or stupid.
• Judging yourself to be inferior, not "good enough," not as good as others.
• Comparing yourself to others and thinking that you are a "loser."
• Believing yourself to be unlovable.

Some says that you might Experience or Sense shame are:

• Pain in the pit of the stomach.
• Sense of dread.
• Crying, tears, sobbing.
• Wanting to hide or cover your face.
• Blushing, hot, red face.
• Jitteryness, nervousness.
• Choking sensation, suffocating.

Expressing and Acting on Shame might include:

• Withdrawing, covering the face, hiding.
• Bowing your head, kneeling before the person, groveling.
• Eyes down, darting eyes.
• Avoiding the person you have harmed or the people you know you have done wrong.
• Sinking back, slumped posture.
• Saying you are sorry; apologizing.
• Asking for forgiveness.
• Giving gifts, trying to make up for the transgression.
• Trying to repair the harm, fix up the damage, change the outcome.

Aftereffects of Shame could be:

• Avoiding thinking about your transgression, shutting down, blocking all emotions.
• Engaging in distracting, impulsive behaviors to divert your mind or attention.
• Believing you are defective.
• Making resolutions to change.
• Depersonalization, dissociative experiences, numbness, or shock.
• Intense anger, sadness, fear, or other negative emotions.
• Isolation, feeling alienated.