I don't know if you can get SS disability if you don't have enough of a work history. Mine wasn't great, but I did have enough over the past 11 years to get it. I just got accepted last month for bipolar and PTSD. It's kind of hard to get unless you have great letters from your doctors and a long paper trail of seeing docs for your illness(es).
You can start the application online, but you will need lots of info readily available to type into the form, like doctors names, numbers, addresses, dates you saw them, hospitals visited, every job you worked over the past ten years, how much they paid you to start and finish, why you stopped working there, what your duties were, their phone number and addresses, etc. Your daily activities and how they're restricted by your illness. It's time consuming. I started the process in August '09 and they gave me a decision in March (denial), I appealed and they gave me a new decision in May.
Good luck on the process. I'm not sure how the credits go with jobs and paying into the system, but I'll bet it's online somewhere. Finding that out would be most important for you as it might be a difficult process for nothing if they deem you not to be eligible. Social Security supplemental income (SSI) may not have the same rules as SS disability insurance (SSDI). So check that too. I'm on SSDI and it's the one related to working for a certain amount to pay into the system. SSI I think may be independent of that.
All the best.

It sounds like you are disabled and I hope you can get some help soon.