eskielover,
That's unfortunate about your equipment and the effects of a storm. The hardest problems to diagnose are intermittent ones. If I face an intermittent problem, a loose or bad connector or wire is sometimes the culprit but it sounds like you had loose/bad connectors at several points which makes it even harder to diagnose! Hopefully your new equipment will get you back up at 100% and you might want to consider putting your modem and router on a universal power supply battery backup (ugh, another expense, I know) or at least a really good surge protector (not just a power strip) to prevent power flickers or outages to adversely affect you.
If your "o" key falls off again, you can press Alt + 111 to get an o to appear.
To get a capital O, you can press Alt + 079.
If you lose other keys.....you can use this table. Press Alt + (code). The code has to include the zero in the beginning if there is one.

Winston