There is also protective natural/organic paw wax/conditioner for the pads that acts as an insulator for the cold, snow, and ice that can put on them before going out in milder colder temps in the winter to prevent drying and cracking. But -34 C, I would put boots on or VERY brief walks. I think, would I want to be barefoot in that temp and I go barefoot a lot!

The problem with boots is that unless fitted right, they do not stay on. Look for ones that have velcro adjustments in two places right above the paw and a little higher. The knotted rope slips will not stay on. There is a happy medium with tightening so as not to overtighten and not so tight as to fall off. There will be some high stepping and shaking when you first put them on. It may be a concern, and can be funny, but normal.

Introduce them slowly, such as in the house for a short periods to get used to them before taking them outside with them. Once they get outside such as with ice and snow it can be awkward for them otherwise and unsafe for their coordination causing injury, if not introduced slowly.

If it is cold enough that I would need a coat and gloves on, I put boots/ protection on their paws is my guide for the weather.