I, too, had to survive this abuse (from a step-father) as a preteen and teen. It was horrible. He never took it out on the other two sisters I had, but always on me. He wanted to get me into a fight so that he could go into a rage, and again it would be all my fault. (everything was all my fault.) When I learned not to respond in anything but a calm, toneless voice, the fights got better.

Your Dad is a bully, and he has chosen you as his target. Bullies make themselves feel more powerful by beating up on weaker or younger targets. If your Mom is taking this crap from him, then she too, is a weaker target, and might feel like she can't get out of the situation, either. (My Mom later told me she thought it better to live like this than put the family thru a second divorce.)

Definitely find someone safe to talk to about this. If you have a counselor at school, a teacher you can trust, any adult you feel safe with. They may be able to connect you with resources that will help you cope with this.