Differences between Arts and Science degrees (BA/BS, MA/MS) are not consistent across schools. I've always treated them exactly the same and that's never steered me wrong so far.

As Sky pointed out, licensing laws vary from state to state. I would take issue with this statement, however: "Generally, a professional must be licensed to legally provide counseling or therapy."

In many states, licensing is nothing more than title protection. So while a person cannot use the term "licensed psychologist" or "licensed professional counselor" without a license, they are free to hang out a shingle and see clients. Buyer beware!

DTR - Dysfunctional Thought Record (a cognitive therapy thang)
PCP - Personal Construct Psychotherapy
SOT - Solution-oriented Therapy
BSOT - Brief Solution-oriented Therapy
EVT - Empirically Validated Treatment