Someone with PTSD and an incident of loud blasts would surely be more anxious hearing gunshot, I think.
But firearms don't kill people---people do. (Or I need to return mine because they are malfunctioning, they haven't even shot anyone yet!)
That's a scary situation you were in, for sure! And I think you're dog is picking up your fear when you hear or see firearms,,,which is not the best thing really. My own dog gets excited but not for the same reasons as yours I suppose... he notices thunder only because I do, too.
I think if you can talk nicely to your neighbors and without too much info tell them you have PTSD and really freak out (use your words) when you hear gunfire...and is there any way to not shoot so close to your home???? might work. Most gun owners are respectable people (but yes, there are some that fear others only want to take away their firearms.)