Hyperawareness is a good word for it. Do you meditate?
Besides elements of meditation, you seem to have an astonishing memory. Most of of us remember the start of a thought and where it takes us, but from your description I'd say you're able to recall in these hyperaware moments each step in the development. Wow.

If you don't meditate, try to find someone proficient in meditation to discuss your experience with.

Because it was triggered by light, though, be careful if you have any tendencies towards migraines or seizures.