I became unable to work about 1 &1/2 years ago. My T had me cut back and then finally stop working altogether. Both her and my pdoc said I should definitely try for disability.
I called the nearest Social Security office and they sent me a package of paperwork. I filled it out, made sure it was as complete as possible, and sent it back. They then contacted me to let me know who was working on it. (He was at an office in a different county, so I don't think counties matter, it's a federal thing)
I had to include all the docs and hospitalizations I had had. This gave them the authority to contact my docs who then filled out some paperwork. I never had to see an SS doc, I guess mine had enough "proof". I had about an hour to two hour phone appointment. It was rough because they had me describe a typical day, and it was kind of embarrassing to say why I was in bed all the time. (I guess just be as honest as you can, the girl I talked to was really nice).

After about 4 months I saw that a check was deposited in my savings account. They contacted me by mail also. They determine from their findings how often they need to re-approve you. For me they gave me a year and a half. After that (next March), I'm sure I will have to go through some of this again.
You don't get paid for the first 6 months you are unable to work, then when you apply, since it takes a while, if you are approved, then you will get paid retroactively.

Just thought I would share my story of how it worked for me.

I know how you feel about being a failure. I had a high paying job in the health field, a professional that was a part of my identity. It is hard to admit that I cannot work, at least right now. I don't know if I can ever go back, or if I want to.

It's been hard to accept, but at least this helps pay the bills. And, my kids qualified too, so they get money in their savings accounts each month.

I don't tell people I am "disabled". I will just say I am not working right now. I have a hard time with it, as my self-esteem is in the pits as it is. I guess it helps to know that at least this is helping my family.

Feel free to PM me on this matter, with any questions. I live in Michigan, I don't know if other states work differently or not. I decided to first try it without an attorney, but would have gone that way had I been denied.

Good luck to you!