Some people are really badly-informed about these things. These are your feelings, and telling you it's a phase, or that you're attention-seeking, isn't going to magically make them go away. You know your feelings are real. Nobody else gets to tell you otherwise as they aren't in your head, but parents can sometimes really get it wrong.
First off, you've got the right idea in wanting to see a doctor. I noticed that you're in the UK. Did you know that you can see a doctor confidentially without your parents' permission? Have a read of this:
BBC - Health: Patient confidentiality for teenagers. Can you get to a doctor's surgery yourself or do you live somewhere where this would be difficult?
Secondly, Samaritans are on 116123. That's a free number, and they'll also call you back if you ask, or you can email them but I don't know how quickly they reply. See
Contact us | Samaritans.
Lastly, please think about talking to a teacher at school. I eventually talked to my English teacher, who rang my parents and told them he thought I needed to go to the doctor.
I'm sorry your parents aren't listening. But you aren't wasting anyone's time, and you do have the right to ask for help.