There have been some questions lately about mixed episodes, so I thought I'd cut and paste the description from the National Institute of Health (NIH):
Mixed states
In a full-blown mixed episode, criteria are met for a depressive episode and a manic episode nearly every day for at least 1 week (
American Psychiatric Association, 1994). However, a mixture of manic and depressed symptoms may occur without reaching full diagnostic criteria. For example, a patient may have racing thoughts, agitation, overactivity and flight of ideas, but feel worthless, guilty and suicidal. The patients with bipolar I disorder who took part in the 12-year longitudinal study mentioned previously spent an average 6% of weeks in a mixed or cycling state (where polarity of episode was changing and symptoms of both were present) (
Judd et al., 2002). For patients with bipolar II disorder the proportion was just over 2% (
Judd et al., 2003). It is estimated that approximately two thirds of patients will suffer a mixed episode at some point in their illness (
Mackin & Young, 2005). A study of 441 patients with bipolar disorder reported that subclinical mixed episodes are common – with 70% of those in a depressed episode showing clinically significant signs of hypomania and 94% of those with mania or hypomania showing significant depressive symptoms (
Bauer et al., 2005). Sub-threshold mixed episodes were more than twice as prevalent as threshold mixed episodes. The combination of morbid, depressed affect with overactivity and racing thoughts makes mixed states a particularly dangerous time for people with bipolar disorder.