I have not been treated at a pain clinic, so I cannot speak of personal experience there, but I work in a medical setting and know patients who are seen by pain clinics and receiev a variety of treatments from multiple disciplines. And this includes pain medications.
Some hospitals have specific rules about prescribing meds, such as no narcotics to outpatients, but may prescribe them if they admit you. To my knowledge this is a matter of hospital policy only, not state regulation. I have had good experience in emergency pain relief from the ER.
I honestly do understand how maddening it is. It is so hard to find the right things that work. Sometimes narcotics are not helpful either, because they deplete your bodies own dopamine producing abilities. (Not implying you shouldn't take them, just fyi) have you tried any modalities like diathermy or electrical stimulation? Some people find immense relief from these. That might be something the pain clinic offers once your referral goes through. I know the surgery referral is frustrating because it will take time, but maybe that will resolve at least some of your pain (I know it won't help your feet) in the long term. Do you have rx shoes for your feet? If not that might be another option to look into.
I hope once your referrals are processed you will start finding some real solutions.