Was this in front of the whole class or just in front of you?

I'd be super upset by him making that comment. I would educate him on how incorrect he is and that he's perpetuating stereotypes by talking like that. I would also remind him that he's a professor, and that he cannot be aware of the background of his students nor their families and that he should really be more sensitive to possible issues as he is in a position of power.

You don't have to tell him that you have bipolar or anything at all like that; you don't have to self-disclose at all. You can just tell him that as it was your presentation that spawned his insensitive remarks that you feel you had a responsibility to your classmates to set him straight.

At least then you could have a bit of your say to him and hopefully he can (somewhat) redeem himself in his response to you.