I've been in the same situation. I'm scared to death of my boss, and I've gotten in trouble several times over the smallest things. I'm looking for a new job right now because I'm just under so much stress where I am now.

Usually whenever someone at my workplace gets in trouble (and it happens a lot, I'm not the only one), our boss won't bring it up unless the same thing happens again, so the best course of action is to apologize and not let on that you're upset. Hopefully your boss will be easier on you once you've been there longer and become 'part of the team'. But in the meantime, it won't hurt to start submitting job applications elsewhere.