I rely on mindfulness and meditation for pain control/coping. My body decided that oxycodone was toxic, despite my having successfully used it for eighteen months, so I had to discontinue narcotics altogether. That left me to manage my complex regional pain syndrome using psychological modalites alone. It turns out that I am very good at it (as shown by biofeedback). I can raise the temperature in my fingertips by five degrees, just by thinking it so. I never would have guessed how important cognitive processing (or the absence of it) is in pain management. Counteracting the fear response is very important, in my own experience of pain. Accepting the pain, and not locking into an emotional response to it, allows the pain to "move on".

Lar