Hey thanks for the replies-- it gave me some ideas for researching!

I found a few things but it seems the census is still a bit blurry... no known definite reason.

There was a study done in a women's prison and they found most inmates had higher levels of testosterone than the average woman.

Another study said testosterone is a part of aggression but not the cause for aggression. (whatever that means??) This same study also said that serotonin levels can contribute to violence-- the higher the level the more chance of being violent.

I also read a statistic from the Office of Public Affairs at the University of Texas- Austin-- that stated 87% of killers are men.

Just for the record: Biiv said: "the only other thing is that i think maybe 'all' is too general" I didn't just say "all"-- I said "almost all". I guess I should have said-- "the majority"-- as 87% is a majority.

I like to lean towards Biiv's explanation about the origins of violence and non-violence-- being cultural. I really am uncomfortable thinking that we as humans are that close to animals in being controlled by our bodies and NOT our intelligence.

and thanks to the special person that sent a great PM!

If anyone has anymore ideas, I'd love to hear them.

mandy