fayerody:

You asked: "Dr. Clay, do you think any of this resilence is inherited or is it environmental? thanks, pat "

I'm pretty convinced that both the positive (strength, e.g. resilence) and the negative side (weakness, e.g. panic withdrawal) are influenced by one's genes and by one's learning experiences. And the strength of the + and- varies by age and your learning history and other stuff we don't know about yet. I think we will take decades to learn about the sources of our emotions, although many people can clearly see where their emotions come from.

I know this isn't a very helpful answer. Maybe in time we will learn that we, as individuals are strongly influcened by our genes in certain specific ways. That would help understand ourselves but it is certain that many life experiences with scary situations influence our panic reactions and influence our confidence in our calming/coping mechanisms. Do you agree?

drclay