Attachment trauma in early development is often followed by (or makes one more vulnerable to) massive trauma later. A brain specialist, Allan Schore says in the right brain there is "a sudden implosion of the implicit self, a rupture of self-continuity and a loss of an ability to experience a particular conscious affect. This collapse of the implicit self is signaled by the amplification of the affects of shame and disgust, and by the cognitions of hopelessness and helplessness."