I don't think Ts reasons for apologizing need be any different than anyone's reasons. The more immediate, as with all apologies, the better. I don't categorically dismiss the "I'm sorry you feel..." apology as a non-apology. I think it can be an honest statement that reflects a feeling without accepting responsibility--and sometimes feelings get hurt because they get hurt and it isn't anybody's fault. I think any T who tries to analyze their way out of an apology on the spot is a poor T because even if the analysis has merit, it's therapeutically the wrong time and place for it. I've never experienced a T saying such a thing.

Apologies also must be freely given. They cannot be coerced directly or indirectly.