Hi Maarten,
First, I'm curious, are you a female? I'm just curious because of the way the professor treated you and showed respect for the guy who seems to have no gumption and rather uncreative.
No, I see it as your being between a rock and a hard place.

Why you choose to make things harder for yourself by doing 4 people's work with just 2 with the 1 person who hardly speaks english-is beyond me. You didn't look before you leapt. If you're going to take on such a challenge then at least know your partner is going to be able to handle it. I admire your bravery but I think this was a major mistake on your part that started the disappointment even before the project began.
You may have been a little controlling with the Dutch guy. As I read your post, I imagine your hovering over his shoulder watching what he was doing. Or maybe not. I have anger issues and I can be a bit of a control freak so I may be just projecting here.
The other thing I saw was- sometimes you got to do what someone tells you to just simply because you have to in order to get the results you want.
When the professor told you to be quiet-maybe you should have done just that instead- just nodded and smiled- until your silence annoyed the hell out of him. You may have came off as being arrogant.
I'm sorry if this sounds mean-I think honesty helps more than evasion although I'm not always so tactful.
It's a long post so I may have missed a few other things but those are what stuck out at me.