How would I react?
Ideally, I'd say "I'm not going to listen to this" and leave; leave the room, house, wherever we are..how far away I go depends on how strong my reaction. More likely - because I'd be very angry! - I'd press my lips together to keep from speaking, have my hands clenched in fists by my side (both trying to control myself) and leave. And most likely, I'd scream "f*** you" with whatever body language happens and leave.

Once alone I might do any or all of those things you describe - yell, cry, throw something, get physical. Physical like take a walk to cool down.

When I'm being "attacked," even verbally, the fight or flight thing kicks in for me. Fight or flight is a physical, the animal in us, thing and you're body releases chemicals in the brain. If it's that, it is possible to ride it out; let the body release, then process those chemicals. It's about 90 seconds for the initial flood of chemicals to subside (waaaay to long for me!), and longer to be completely processed.