Here is one way a friend of mine dealt with rude and mean clients who cursed, got sarcastic, etc.

He said "We cannot continue this conversation if you are going to use foul language ["call me names/interrupt me so that I cannot answer," etc--whatever applied]. I am going to disconnect now to allow you to calm down."

If you would not be permitted to disconnect (hang up on someone) then find out now if you would be permitted to transfer the call to a supervisor.

If you cannot do either of these things, you can try this: "Excuse me, I need to place you on hold for a moment. I will be right back." And then put the person on hold.

Part of the reason why these people do this is because there is no stopper for them. They obviously cannot stop themselves (and it isn't about you at all) so find whatever 'stopper' is allowed at your company and employ it the next time you get a jerk on the phone.

Don't beat yourself up about crying. You were assaulted over the phone; I am not surprised you cried. I probably would have cried too.