I don't think your email exchanges were disrespectful necessarily. A bit overly persistent, yes. Your professor, in my opinion, did handle the situation professionally and fairly. From what I gather, your paper was only docked points for being late, which affected your final grade. It is my understanding many grad schools do not even accept a final assignment if it's late unless a dire, documented circumstance has arisen, so I think you were very fortunate with that. It sounds like your paper was great. It was an A-, due only to lateness. Minus the possibility of a few grammatical errors, it doesn't seem like there is any feedback to give you for you to learn from.

Since you needed to pursue this situation, I think you would have been better served to have followed-up with the chair person for your requested appointment well before the 3 weeks that went by. Yes, she should have contacted you to set up an appointment as she said she would, but after a few days of not hearing back from her you should have again contacted her.

Calling the professor an asshole to your friend where others were able to hear is unprofessional, and demonstrated very poor judgement. I know we are all only human, but there are times and places where doing such a thing cannot happen. Given the field you are going into makes this a bit more concerning.

I think there is also major concern about requesting to switch out of the new class because of this professor. To just up and request a switch out due to a grade he gave you which was affected by the late submission of your final throws up a few red flags as well. This could be viewed by your advisor as "running from the so-called problem" which is yet another concern, especially in the therapy field.

It is my guess the mix of these things is what led to the disciplinary action referral. I can certainly sympathize with your depression situation. It's not fair, and it's not your fault that you were hit with severe depression. Just as your final grade earned is not the fault of the professor. I do hope you can find a way to accept responsibility for what has transpired and work to resolve the situation professionally. You make AWESOME grades so I know you can do this!