My therapist is a psychoanalyst, psychotherapist and psychologist. She holds the three titles but only the psychologist one recquires a license (ie a university diploma). Anyone without any training can call themselves a psychotherapist in Belgium which is a huge problem because lots of charlatans do and the clients are not protected.
A year ago, the governement decided to pass a law that would regulate the profession and that would recquire a formal training (and not, say, an online course). Well what happened? All the psychotherapists were outraged by that law that sought to protect clients and they violently opposed it. Consequently anyone can still call themselves a psychotherapist today.
Clients are not protected against gurus and quacks.
I realize this is all very Belgium-centric but I believe it's the same situation in France. Don't know about the rest of Europe.