People of PC, I am very much wanting a cat.

Issues:

I have a dog. He loves cats, but gets overly excited, so it needs to be a cat that will lay down the law immediately with him or he will run after them. How do I know the cat I adopt will be able to do this without disemboweling my dog?

I live on a busy street and the cat would need to be an indoor cat. How do I know if the cat I adopt can tolerate that kind of life? I know if they're wanting to go outside, and are used to that, they will be miserable and loud about it.

Is it better to get a kitten, or is that asking for trouble?