I got student loans after bankruptcy, they are the same loans that undergrads get, you just qualify for more money. That was 15 years ago so things may have changed. Calling up Dept of Education if you can find the right department or Navient is probably the best way to find out specifics.

That said, loans should be a last resort, unless you are doing something like medical school where your time and job options are very limited.

If it is a standard masters or doctorate program you have lots of options. Time is money and loans can help you have more time for the more demanding courses and other work you are required to do. Scholarships and teaching gigs should be your first options. Depending on the state or school, a graduate instructor position could pay all or at least most of your tuition plus they they do pay a salary and sometimes medical benefits. These of course take time out of your class work but many grad programs require you to teach anyway.

For the traditional masters and doctorate programs I highly recommend this book. It was very helpful to me.