I think brain training exercises help more than any of the supplements. I was actually kind of surprised when I did a cognitive test to check for any problems and get a baseline so there will be something to compare to if I take it again in a few years. I scored very high on the memory part of it. But I knew that i was going to be tested on the list of items, which is different than remembering to do something every day or every Thursday or only once but several days from now (yeah, I should set reminders on my phone). Or getting hit with a slew of information and needing to remember it while you work through something where a few of the things you were told will be relevant.