I second a middle seat in the classroom and to follow up with his counselor for additional thoughts on ways to encourage him. I would also look for signs of bullying by peers or siblings. Communicating his progress to his parents will be important. Chances are that if his mother has received a diagnosis of Bipolar, when he is of age, he will be able to find diagnosis also. Encouragement and an open door for extra help might be another way to help find out what his obstacles are.