We're born with the capacity to experience guilt (more or less), and our upbringing shapes the way in which we express guilt and teaches us which actions should make us feel guilty.

I think raising a non-psychopathic child (that is, one who was born with the capacity to experience guilt) as if they were a psychopath (that is, teaching them that guilt isn't real) wouldn't result in an adult psychopath. More than likely, you'd have a really messed up kid who experiences feelings of guilt, but has no idea what to do with those feelings and doesn't really understand why they happen.

In other words, someone who's born with the ability to feel guilt is going to feel guilt even if they're never taught how to express it properly.