@hvert yes there are differing reports 're effectiveness it's hard to know what to believe. I think it may be complicated by the fact some studies measure effectiveness as getting any infection even if mild and others talk about measurement of severe symptoms.

're your family member, that must be concerning for you. It's not probably going to be wise to try to convince him from what you say? Needle phobia is a very common issue - my sister volunteered at a vaccination centre and there were quite a few faints etc. Best idea is not to look at the needle going in but if you do (I did!) you see it is super fine and that's why most people don't feel it.

I guess if he seems willing to talk about his fears you could open a dialogue with him? Just to explore his thoughts and concerns. Maybe that might help him think differently as you talk it through, but it's a toughie definitely. Hugs!