Well, I found if I took lots of notes during class then that kept me on task--even if the teacher wasn't necessarily on the subject matter.
As far as studying a textbook, scan the chapter, write some questions you want to find the answers to, look for the answers, and stop every so often to review the material. If it's a list of items needed to be remembered in order, then come up with an acrostic based on the first letter of each word. Med students have historically learned the twelve cranial nerves in order by memorizing "On Old Olympus' Towering Tops, A Fat-Assed Girl Vended Snowy Hops." Or use acronyms--such as NATO for North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Then if you need to remember something else, try to tie it into something that's meaningful to you--such as remembering that the hippocampus in the brain is associated with memory by noting it has the word "campus" in it, as in a university having a campus. All that involves keeping active in learning--not just scanning over the material. Some people find reading aloud helps as well.
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