How childhood trauma affects brain development

This is an interesting and informative article:

https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/is...nt/effects.cfm

Pretty well studies and proven I believe.

Also look at Attachment Disorder where a baby is given up by a mother at birth for various reasons and put in an adoption facility say in Russia where the care takers cannot give near enough time to each child.

My sister adopted a one year old from Russia where this was the case. We as a family has noticed the behavioral effects. Hopefully with enough love and nurturing it can be reversed and I think it is.

Yes, Zinco, early bonding is very important. It's sad that babies are born who have no one to care for them.

What qualifies as trauma?

Trauma can be beating, hitting, neglect, abandonment, verbal abuse, putting down, not making the child feel loved and cared for, sexual abuse (rape, fondling, forcing the child to perform sex, talking to child about sex in an inappropriate way, having child watch sex), exposing child to violence or situations that scare them (purposely), threatening to harm or abandon, and more depending on the situation.....

Really anything that is not good for the child emotionally. What harms one may not harm another, but some things you should never do to a child.