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Old Dec 14, 2014, 11:43 AM
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Since this discussion was brought up I thought I would start my own thread.

The purpose is to show that there has been a ton of hard science that has gone on and is going on in the area of molecular biology, genetics, and mental illness.

I believe there is a lot that is unknown and I think the bio/psycho/social model is the best we currently have. Biology, genetics, epi genetics, environment, life experience, society, culture, etc, are all possible factors.

It is my opinion that schizophrenia and bi polar I have the most evidence for biological/ genetic causes. My opinion, people will disagree.

I strongly believe that in the case of my severe depression the causes are very predominately biological/ genetic. I have lots of reasons to believe this that I have explained ad naseum in these forums. My causes and what treatments may or may not work for me may be very different than your causes and what treatments may or may not work for you. Besides my personal case I have always had a dream of being a research bio chemist. Depression got in the way but even at 50 I have not given up that dream.

Again the purpose of this thread is to point out some of the hard science that has gone on and is going on in psychiatry. It is one aspect. Others may know a lot more about how the DSM is developed or scientific studies done in psychology.

I don't think you can argue that the stuff below isn't hard science.

Biology of Depression/ Mental Illness
Genetics

Stem Cells Reveal How Illness-Linked Genetic Variation Affects Neurons - 08/18/2014

Common Genetic Variation Big Risk Factor for Alcoholism, Mental Illness - Addiction Treatment | Elements | Drug Rehab Treatment Centers

5 Major Mental Illnesses Traced to Same Genetic Variations | Psych Central News

http://www.journalofpsychiatricresea.../abstract?cc=y

NIMH · New Data Reveal Extent of Genetic Overlap Between Major Mental Disorders

Schizophrenia.com - Schizophrenia Genetics and Heredity

GenRED - Major Depression and Genetics - Genetics of Brain Function - Stanford University School of Medicine

Genetic Switch Involved in Depression - NIH Research Matters - National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Depression Research - Psych Central

Genetic link to depression found - Health News - NHS Choices

What causes depression? - Harvard Health Publications

New gene for bipolar disorder discovered -- ScienceDaily

Bipolar Disorder, Genetics, and the Brain :: DNA Learning Center

Schizophrenia and Manic-Depressive Disorder: The Biological Roots of Mental ... - Google Books

Cambridge Journals Online - Psychological Medicine - Abstract - Autism as a strongly genetic disorder: evidence from a British twin study

NIMH · Five Major Mental Disorders Share Genetic Roots

http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v45...l/ng.2711.html

https://www.nimhgenetics.org/

Genetic Mental Illnesses | DNA and Mental Illness | Psychiatrist in Scottsdale

Mental Illness: The Challenge of Dual Diagnosis

First Blood Test to Diagnose Depression in Adults: Northwestern University News

Clear New Insights into the Genetics of Depression - Scientific American

Massive Study Reveals Schizophrenia's Genetic Roots - Scientific American

Genome Biology | Full text | Hypermethylation in the ZBTB20 gene is associated with major depressive disorder

Translational Psychiatry - How the serotonin transporter 5-HTTLPR polymorphism influences amygdala function: the roles of in vivo serotonin transporter expression and amygdala structure

Polymorphism in serotonin transporter gene associated with suscepti... - PubMed - NCBI

Receptor and transporter imaging studies in schizophrenia, depressi... - PubMed - NCBI

Neuropsychopharmacology - Serotonin 1A Receptors, Serotonin Transporter Binding and Serotonin Transporter mRNA Expression in the Brainstem of Depressed Suicide Victims

Animal models of depression in dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephr... - PubMed - NCBI

Hippocampus

Hippocampal volume loss in depression reflects glial loss -- ScienceDaily

The Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Newsletter

Depression, antidepressants, and the shrinking hippocampus

https://www.google.com/search?q=depr...Q&ved=0CDYQsAQ

Neurogenesis

Unraveling the Mystery of How Antidepression Drugs Work - Scientific American

Neuropsychopharmacology - Fluoxetine-Induced Cortical Adult Neurogenesis

Fluoxetine-induced cortical adult neurogenesis. - PubMed - NCBI

Antidepressants increase human hippocampal neurogenesis by activating the glucocorticoid receptor

Biology of Depression

Yale Scientific Magazine ? Uncovering the Biology of Depression

The Biology of Depression: How Stress Affects the Brain and the Body - UCTV - University of California Television

http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/....2009.10030434

http://www.nyng.org/MP%20cytokine%20review.pdf

What causes depression? - Harvard Health Publications

Biology of Depression - Genetics and Imaging - Depression: Major Depression & Unipolar Varieties

http://www.wfsbp.org/fileadmin/user_...Depression.pdf

GenRED - Major Depression and Genetics - Genetics of Brain Function - Stanford University School of Medicine

Unkind Cytokines: A Journey from the Mind to Brain to Mind The Biological Basis of Depression -



Blood test accurately distinguishes depressed patients from healthy controls - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA

These Are Revolutionary Times for the Biology of Psychology | Psychology Today

http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/22664.pdf

http://www.cnsspectrums.com/aspx/art...articleid=1267

L-Methylfolate: A Promising Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression? | Psych Congress Network

Genetic Testing in Clinical Practice: What Psychiatrists Need to Know | Psych Congress Network

http://www.healio.com/psychiatry/jou...-a-case-report

MTHFR Genotyping Laboratory Genetic Test | Seeking Health

Mice Study Suggests Lack of Serotonin Not Behind Depression | Psych Central News

Effectiveness of Antidepressants

NIMH · Antidepressants: A complicated picture

Antidepressants: Effectiveness, Trials, Realistic Expectations

Antidepressants: Do They "Work" or Don't They? - Scientific American

NIMH · Questions and Answers about the NIMH Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) Study ? All Medication Levels

Are antidepressants really no better than sugar pills? | The Johns Hopkins News-Letter

Robert DeRubeis on anti-depressants | News Center | Stanford Medicine

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/10/op...anted=all&_r=0

Study confirms antidepressant efficacy | Yale Daily News

Biology of Schizophrenia

The biology of schizophrenia

International team sheds new light on biology underlying schizophrenia | Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard

Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci : Nature : Nature Publishing Group

Genes, environment and schizophrenia

Schizophrenia

Patients' own cells yield new insights into the biology of schizophrenia - Salk Institute - News Release

Biology of Bi Polar

Understanding the basic biology of bipolar disorder | UCLA

http://www.ccnl.emory.edu/greg/Bipol...JMG%202003.pdf

The underlying neurobiology of bipolar disorder

YaleNews | Common biology shared in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder: leads from the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of mood stabilisers
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  #2  
Old Dec 14, 2014, 04:49 PM
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Hi Zinco: Wow... for me at least, just what you put into your Thread is a dizzying amount of material. And I suspect this barely scratches the surface of what's out there. I read a book, a while back titled: Subliminal- How Your Unconscious Mind Rules Your Behavior written by Leonard Mlodinow, Pantheon, 2012. The book summarized, & put into layman's terms, the results of studies of the brain that had been done, to date, using fMRI technology. Some of the implications are, if accurate, shocking.

One of the findings that was of particular interest to me was with regard to decision-making. We generally assume that we weigh the various components involved in making a decision & arrive at our decision based on our understanding of these various factors. However, what fMRI studies are apparently finding is that we first make a decision. Then we weight the various components, or factors, involved in order to support the decision we've already made. Imagine the implications for this within the judicial system.

In my own case, I think about my own belief that I am transgender. Whether or not this is factually the case, I would naturally presume that I had looked back through my life at various things that occurred &, from this, concluded that I fit the transgender paradigm, so to speak. However, what current fMRI studies would apparently suggest is that first I decided I was transgender. Then I went back, looked over my life history, & weighted my various memories such that when totted up the totals supported the decision I had made to begin with that I am transgender. Does that make sense?

Anyway, thanks for addressing this important topic. I hope to have time to read at least a few of the sources you cited.
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  #3  
Old Dec 14, 2014, 05:25 PM
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It does make sense....I guess. Lol. It would seem to indicate bias unless all the variables were properly weighed and the decision could be changed. I had not heard that before.

There is something similar in science. You come up with a hypothesis and then you do everything you can think of to prove it wrong. Naturally you are biased to your pet hypothesis but you know it will have to withstand rigorous scrutiny from your peers. I wonder if this is anagolous?

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  #4  
Old Dec 14, 2014, 05:32 PM
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I must have decided it made sense before I thought about whether it made sense or not. Lol

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The "paradox" is only a conflict between reality and your feeling of what reality "ought to be." -- Richard Feynman

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  #5  
Old Dec 14, 2014, 06:22 PM
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diagnosis and treatment go hand in hand one supporting the other i think
  #6  
Old Dec 14, 2014, 08:17 PM
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Yes, as I understood it, this was the point. It is biased. First, you make a decision. Then you weight the importance of the various factors so that they come out appearing to support the decision you already made. Imagine, if this is true, what this means for the justice system. What it is suggesting is that jurors in a trial first decide whether or not a defendant is guilty. Then each one weights the various pieces of evidence in order to support the decision they made to begin with.
Thanks for this!
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  #7  
Old Dec 14, 2014, 09:47 PM
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Hmmmm. Why would the mind work that way? It doesn't seem advantageous to believe our own BS. Although that is often what we do. Yes that would have huge implications for criminal justice. I suspect that even though brain imaging is a very huge break through it is still a crude tool and it is probably much more complicated.

I am reading Steven Pinker, Harvard psychologist, "How the Mind Works". I am not far into it but I bet he will get to decision making. So far he has talked a lot about computational theory and information processing. He has mentioned that our brains have to rely on pre conceived notions if how the world is. Both from genetics and life experience and natural selection. The mind cannot possibly make sense of the world without concepts pre embedded.

I am not sure if I have that right because I haven't even finished the first chapter. Steven Pinker is brilliant though and I look forward to reading it now.

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The "paradox" is only a conflict between reality and your feeling of what reality "ought to be." -- Richard Feynman

Major Depressive Disorder
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  #8  
Old Dec 14, 2014, 09:53 PM
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The more I think about it the more it seems to be true. Jurors probably do operate that way. It doesn't make sense to me though. We all like to think we are unbiased and open minded but really you have to work hard to be that way.

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The "paradox" is only a conflict between reality and your feeling of what reality "ought to be." -- Richard Feynman

Major Depressive Disorder
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  #9  
Old Dec 14, 2014, 10:00 PM
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BTW Skeez Jon Kabat-Zin was interviewed on 60 Minutes tonight on mindfulness. He is a pioneer in bringing it to the west. I read his books 20 years ago. Today on the west coast and silicone valley it is commonly accepted practice.

Part of me got jealous because I discovered a secret and don't want the whole world to know. How selfish is that. Small part of me but I felt it.

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The "paradox" is only a conflict between reality and your feeling of what reality "ought to be." -- Richard Feynman

Major Depressive Disorder
Anxiety Disorder with some paranoid delusions thrown in for fun.
Recovering Alcoholic and Addict
Possibly on low end of bi polar spectrum...trying to decide.

Male, 50

Fetzima 80mg
Lamictal 100mg
Remeron 30mg for sleep
Klonopin .5mg twice a day, cutting this back
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Thanks for this!
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  #10  
Old Dec 15, 2014, 12:02 PM
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I just noticed that when replying to posts that if we are talking about a pdoc I use the word him. If we are talking about a T I use the word her. The doctor is always male and the nurse is always female. This is hard wired into my brain from childhood. Obviously I wasn't born with this notion, it is something my mind adopted as a pre conceived notion a long time ago. It's a very inaccurate notion today but it is still with me I noticed. I would have to make special effort to say him/her.

I guess this is just an example of how some concepts are wired into our brain and then they are probably automatically induced before the decision is made. The mind has to have some context before a decision is made and then might start looking for things that fit into that framework after the decision is made.

You have to have some concept of what a drinking glass is before you see a drinking glass and call it that. Just the visual patterns of light reflected on your retina are not enough. If you see a tall glass object with flowers in it you do not think drinking glass you think vase even though they are very similar.

Not a great example. That book I am reading gives much better examples of how we have built in concepts of things before we see them otherwise we couldn't make any sense of it.
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The "paradox" is only a conflict between reality and your feeling of what reality "ought to be." -- Richard Feynman

Major Depressive Disorder
Anxiety Disorder with some paranoid delusions thrown in for fun.
Recovering Alcoholic and Addict
Possibly on low end of bi polar spectrum...trying to decide.

Male, 50

Fetzima 80mg
Lamictal 100mg
Remeron 30mg for sleep
Klonopin .5mg twice a day, cutting this back
  #11  
Old Dec 15, 2014, 12:43 PM
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The human body, the brain, the mind....are an absolute, amazing, miraculous, phenomenon of nature and creation.

However I have long believed that our perception of reality is very limited. It is filtered and biased and the mind fills in the blanks. A classic example is that everyone's field of vision has a blind spot in the middle. You don't see a black circle in your vision but it is there. Your brain fills in the blank based on all the data the visual cortex takes in. It does this very quickly and smoothly and has to constantly do it as you shift your gaze.

I have always believed from my own direct experience and the experience of others that altered states give us a window into deeper reality. Whether it be from natural means like meditation, or a great adventure that requires lots of physical activity like climbing a mountain, or psychedelic drugs, or even psychotic states. Quantum physics in a very scientific way is really causing us to question the nature of reality. There is so much we do not normally perceive.

I guess we should always be questioning our decisions and assumptions. They may be off base. Definitely if you are sitting on a jury you should be questioning your assumptions and pre conceived ideas.
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The "paradox" is only a conflict between reality and your feeling of what reality "ought to be." -- Richard Feynman

Major Depressive Disorder
Anxiety Disorder with some paranoid delusions thrown in for fun.
Recovering Alcoholic and Addict
Possibly on low end of bi polar spectrum...trying to decide.

Male, 50

Fetzima 80mg
Lamictal 100mg
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  #12  
Old Dec 15, 2014, 12:46 PM
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"However I have long believed that our perception of reality is very limited"

We are occluded. Mitote`
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Old Dec 15, 2014, 01:10 PM
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Originally Posted by zinco14532323 View Post
BTW Skeez Jon Kabat-Zin was interviewed on 60 Minutes tonight on mindfulness. He is a pioneer in bringing it to the west. I read his books 20 years ago. Today on the west coast and silicone valley it is commonly accepted practice.

Part of me got jealous because I discovered a secret and don't want the whole world to know. How selfish is that. Small part of me but I felt it.

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Yes, I'm very familiar with Jon Kabat-Zinn's work. I've read & re-read several of his books over the years. I attended a weekend mindfulness training program probably 20 years ago or so. I have a playlist, on my YouTube channel, of videos of some of his talks. Although I am presently more under the influence of the Buddhist nun Pema Chödrön, Jon Kabat-Zinn has had a major influence on my thinking with regard to the concepts of mindfulness & meditation.
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Old Dec 15, 2014, 01:18 PM
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Originally Posted by zinco14532323 View Post
I just noticed that when replying to posts that if we are talking about a pdoc I use the word him. If we are talking about a T I use the word her. The doctor is always male and the nurse is always female. This is hard wired into my brain from childhood. Obviously I wasn't born with this notion, it is something my mind adopted as a pre conceived notion a long time ago. It's a very inaccurate notion today but it is still with me I noticed. I would have to make special effort to say him/her.

I guess this is just an example of how some concepts are wired into our brain and then they are probably automatically induced before the decision is made. The mind has to have some context before a decision is made and then might start looking for things that fit into that framework after the decision is made.

You have to have some concept of what a drinking glass is before you see a drinking glass and call it that. Just the visual patterns of light reflected on your retina are not enough. If you see a tall glass object with flowers in it you do not think drinking glass you think vase even though they are very similar.

Not a great example. That book I am reading gives much better examples of how we have built in concepts of things before we see them otherwise we couldn't make any sense of it.

There is a story about a meeting between two well-known contemporary Buddhist leaders. They were observed to be walking along silently side-by-side. They came to a bench & sat down to rest. Across the lawn was a very large on tree, at which they appeared to be gazing. The silence continued for some time, as they sat on the bench. After a while, one of the two smiled, turned to the other, and said: "They call it a tree..."
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Old Dec 15, 2014, 01:23 PM
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Originally Posted by zinco14532323 View Post
The human body, the brain, the mind....are an absolute, amazing, miraculous, phenomenon of nature and creation.

However I have long believed that our perception of reality is very limited. It is filtered and biased and the mind fills in the blanks. A classic example is that everyone's field of vision has a blind spot in the middle. You don't see a black circle in your vision but it is there. Your brain fills in the blank based on all the data the visual cortex takes in. It does this very quickly and smoothly and has to constantly do it as you shift your gaze.

I have always believed from my own direct experience and the experience of others that altered states give us a window into deeper reality. Whether it be from natural means like meditation, or a great adventure that requires lots of physical activity like climbing a mountain, or psychedelic drugs, or even psychotic states. Quantum physics in a very scientific way is really causing us to question the nature of reality. There is so much we do not normally perceive.

I guess we should always be questioning our decisions and assumptions. They may be off base. Definitely if you are sitting on a jury you should be questioning your assumptions and pre conceived ideas.


The Mlodinow book I mentioned earlier also mentions that the eyes "quiver" up-&-down constantly. So, if we saw thing as the eyes actually take them in, they would also be jumping up-&-down continuously. But, of course, we don't see things that way. The brain smooths out the image so that it appears stable.
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Old Dec 15, 2014, 01:31 PM
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  #17  
Old Dec 15, 2014, 02:28 PM
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It's so hard to experience reality directly without identifying, naming, classifying. We evolved in a way in order to survive in the world and filters are part of if.

I think we are evolving spiritually as well. Meditation and mindfulness are part of it.

I have found that when I spend a day on the river in the wild with my camera, tripod, and big lens, I am never more in the moment. When I am gazing through the lens in full frame of a bird it is total raw experience. Then I get home and download the pics to my computer and I start naming, classifying, and organizing.

That is why nature photography is such a passion of mine. I am the dude on the bench gazing at the tree when in the field.

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The "paradox" is only a conflict between reality and your feeling of what reality "ought to be." -- Richard Feynman

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  #18  
Old Dec 15, 2014, 02:42 PM
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A moment such as this -

Science and Psychiatry
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The "paradox" is only a conflict between reality and your feeling of what reality "ought to be." -- Richard Feynman

Major Depressive Disorder
Anxiety Disorder with some paranoid delusions thrown in for fun.
Recovering Alcoholic and Addict
Possibly on low end of bi polar spectrum...trying to decide.

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Klonopin .5mg twice a day, cutting this back
Thanks for this!
brainhi, Sometimes psychotic
  #19  
Old Dec 15, 2014, 03:20 PM
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Great capture!
  #20  
Old Dec 15, 2014, 04:22 PM
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I personally think "hard science" in the present form in society doesn't go deep enough. Yes we know bipolar is genetic, yes we know (or are told), it's caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain. But from the perspective of someone with bipolar, that's not at all helpful. We can give them coping mechanisms and that still may not be enough for some. I ask the question, "where do we go from here?" all the time. People choose to ignore it because they fail to see it's value. If we are to advance these fields we need more perspectives and need to stop scratching the surface.
  #21  
Old Dec 19, 2014, 08:46 AM
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There are lots of diseases we don't understand very well and for which there is no cure. The study of them is still hard science. Some forms of cancer for example. Gotta start somewhere.

I know what you mean though. As a patient it doesn't seem to much like science.

The question "where do we go from here?" is not being ignored at all in the area of research. Both in biology, meds, and in therapy and other non med means.
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The "paradox" is only a conflict between reality and your feeling of what reality "ought to be." -- Richard Feynman

Major Depressive Disorder
Anxiety Disorder with some paranoid delusions thrown in for fun.
Recovering Alcoholic and Addict
Possibly on low end of bi polar spectrum...trying to decide.

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Fetzima 80mg
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Klonopin .5mg twice a day, cutting this back
  #22  
Old Dec 21, 2014, 11:05 AM
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@The Skeezyks
This study would seem to indicate we do weigh evidence before making decisions.

Brain Uses Decision-Making Time to Create Confidence Rating | Psych Central News
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The "paradox" is only a conflict between reality and your feeling of what reality "ought to be." -- Richard Feynman

Major Depressive Disorder
Anxiety Disorder with some paranoid delusions thrown in for fun.
Recovering Alcoholic and Addict
Possibly on low end of bi polar spectrum...trying to decide.

Male, 50

Fetzima 80mg
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Klonopin .5mg twice a day, cutting this back
  #23  
Old Dec 22, 2014, 03:18 PM
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Wow am I in the wrong thread so much science! offhand though, how would you disprove the theories of genetic links. I mean, are there people who suffer with MI that don't have family and genetic links. My mom had issues, her father had stuff. I mean with the prevelance of MI today, how can we know what is genetically predetermined and what is just (pardon me) life crap we can't handle.
  #24  
Old Dec 22, 2014, 04:27 PM
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Wow am I in the wrong thread so much science! offhand though, how would you disprove the theories of genetic links. I mean, are there people who suffer with MI that don't have family and genetic links. My mom had issues, her father had stuff. I mean with the prevelance of MI today, how can we know what is genetically predetermined and what is just (pardon me) life crap we can't handle.
I think it is both. Not everyone with MI has a genetic/ biological predisposition. If they were to discover and understand well the genetic markers of lets say bi polar and then tested your genes and you didn't have them then it would be another cause. Although with bi polar I think there is more evidence for genetic and biological causes. Depression is a much broader term with much more variance in causes.

The thing is childhood abuse, neglect, abandonment, sexual abuse, trauma, all cause changes in brain structure and function. May even effect how genes express themselves. It is especially true in children who's brains are in crucial stages of development. But it is even true in a 22 year old combat veteran who experienced severe trauma and stress in combat. It will produce changes in the brain. The brain is very fluid and plastic. It changes all the time. Exercise, CBT, and meditation can change structure and function in a good way. It is believed antidepressants cause growth of new neurons and connections in the hippocampus. Its a very complicated picture and no easy answer. This thread was just focusing on some of the hard science going on in the area of psychiatry.
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The "paradox" is only a conflict between reality and your feeling of what reality "ought to be." -- Richard Feynman

Major Depressive Disorder
Anxiety Disorder with some paranoid delusions thrown in for fun.
Recovering Alcoholic and Addict
Possibly on low end of bi polar spectrum...trying to decide.

Male, 50

Fetzima 80mg
Lamictal 100mg
Remeron 30mg for sleep
Klonopin .5mg twice a day, cutting this back
  #25  
Old Dec 22, 2014, 05:28 PM
avlady avlady is offline
Wise Elder
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Member Since: Jan 2013
Location: angola ny
Posts: 9,801
Boy I could really get confused because I'm an airhead and a clutz
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attentionThis is an old thread. You probably should not post your reply to it, as the original poster is unlikely to see it.




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