is it doomed

In December I started sleeping with a guy I met casually and since then we grew attached and have been dating. He handles my neurotic nature well but sometimes he can't deal with it. Last night a friend told me my only chick friend was super hot and that I wasn't at all attractive and when I told my bf he got mad and told me that that is the kind of thing he can't put up with And ignored his phone all night. Today around 2 he got back to me after several attempts to reach him and told me he was mad and ignoring his phone intentionally and slept in this morning since he stayed up all night but was very sweet aside from that. I am worried I shouldn't tell him stuff like that because I don't want to lose him. Did I do something wrong or was he just upset at my friends

Did you tell him about it in a distraught manner, or whiny? Or did you tell him just as a conversation, measured and not too emotional?
Because from what you say it sounds like it was the last one - and his reaction was awful if that was the case. It's called sharing, and sometimes it's rotten news, not just all fluffy bunnies. To get mad at you, then ignore you, to turn off his phone is immature and really not very good boyfriend material.
Had he had issues with what you said, he should've said so instead of punish you - it doesn't sound like he was upset with your friends as he wasn't supportive, and he ignore you. You, not your friend.
And by the way, I think what you were told was quite hurtful, I do not know what your friend had to gain by saying that to you and I think telling your fella this was perfectly acceptable. Sounds like he has a problem, not you. Sorry to be so blunt.

I was upset then angry then kinda just expressing what had occurred. and as for the friend, he's kind of a pri** these days

Don't know why your guy went off on you; you'd have to ask him. That would be a good way to learn what sorts of things you did want to share with him and what not to? If you told him to get attention/reassurance and he behaved that way because he was super pissed at the friend for saying that, then that would be one thing. If he was pissed that you were even thinking/caring about such a "friend" and what he said, that would be another.

I'd work on my self esteem so others would not be likely to say that to me and so I did not have any "friends" who would even think of saying it in the first place.

Sounds like he was trying to express a need in the relationship, to not have to reassure you of how attractive he finds you. Perhaps, he didn't handle it, as maturely, as he could when he ignored your calls, however, I actually, can see where he's upset.
Men, like a woman, who is secure in themselves. And when a woman tells a man, that a friend calls her unattractive, it comes across as fishing for a compliment.

Now, the need that you seem to need, is to address the issue head on, without the silent treatment. That's where he didn't behave like a matured man, because he was unable to articulate, specifically what it was that he 'can't put up with.' And, from there, he could have said, I am going to go to bed, and when I wake up I'll call you.

Hope that explains, how I perceive it?